Ngaba ukhe wazibuza ukuba kutheni iibhanki eziphezulu zinotyekelo lokuba iiwotshi zithunyelwe ngaphandle kwizakhiwo zazo? Ngaba luhlobo nje oluthile lwenkcubeko eyaqala kwenye indawo Imodeli yenyani, okanye ngaba kukho ubunzulu okuthetha ukuba uchaphazelekayo? Ngokuchanekileyo, ayenzeki ngoku ukuba iibhanki kunye neebhanki banomdla kwiiwotshi. Ngaphezulu kwawo wonke umzimba, ukubanjwa kweebhanki: ixesha yimali.
Kwinqanaba elilula, akunzima ukuqonda ukuba kutheni. Ukulungiselela umzekelo, masiqwalasele ukuba uyaboleka $1000 Ukusuka kwiziko lezemali elijongene nenzala yonyaka emihlanu. Kunyaka omnye, uyakuhlawula imali ebuyisiweyo, iwaka lamawaka kunye neepesenti ezintlanu, iyonke $1,050. Ibhanki esetyenzisiweyo “ixesha” – 365 iintsuku, ukuze utshintshe iwaka lakho leedola uye $1050.
Ingcinga yokuba ixesha liyimali iphinda ibuyele kubuncinci endodeni ngegama le-martín de azpilcueta. Ingcali yezoqoqosho yaseSpain eyayiphila kwiminyaka ye-1500. Wayengowokuqala ukuphuhlisa umbono okhethiweyo okanye umgaqo wemali kunye nokunxibelelana kwayo nexesha.
Kodwa umbono wokuba “ixesha yimali” inokulandelwa emva ezantsi ukuya kumakhulu amabini eminyaka ngaphambili kunokuba. Iintsuku ze-azpilcauta indlela yobomi beebhanki yokuthumela iiwotshi ngaphandle kwamaziko abo aqale ngaphakathi kwiminyaka ephakathi. Ukulandela inzululwazi ngezentlalo morris berman. Emva kweewotshi zenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithathu kwizixeko zase-Italiya “wabetha 24 iiyure zomhla”. Utshilo uBerman kwincwadi yakhe, “ukuphinda umlinganiso wenkundla.”
Ayisiyonto iphosakeleyo ukuba imeko entsha kraca yorhwebo lwezoqoqosho itshintshe yenyuka ngaphakathi kwenkulungwane ye-13 neye-14. Utshilo uBerman, ngokukodwa e-italy, apho imeko entsha yobalo lwezezimali ithatha indawo yakudala, Izakhiwo ezinobunzima. Olu hlobo lutsha lwezoqoqosho lube kukukhanya kwenkqubo entsha yemali: ubungxowankulu. Endleleni, ubungxowankulu bokwenyani bentengiso ekhululekileyo njengoko siyazi ukuba le mihla ayinakuphinda iqinise kude kube malunga nee-1700s. Kodwa umbono wokuba imali inokuchaphazeleka okanye ichaphazeleke ngendlela yokuhamba kwexesha icinywe kwaye ihambe i-europe kwakhona kwiziko okwethutyana.
Kule mihla, uninzi lwabantu luyayithatha ngaphandle kokuyithathela ingqalelo “ixesha yimali”. Ngumbono ovele njengoko ubetheleleke kwindlela yethu yemihla ngemihla yobomi. Kwaye ubeke nzulu ekucingeni kwethu, asinakukholelwa ixesha okanye umhlaba xa bekungenjalo. Nangona kunjalo ngaphambi konyaka 1200, yithi, phantse akukho mntu ucinga ngexesha njengemali. Iwotshi yoomatshini yokwenyani yokuba abantu bafunde ayinqabile. (Ukuhamba kwelanga kunye namawotshi amanzi kudlula kwakhona kwiinkulungwane ezininzi, nangona kunjalo zizonke ezinye iindaba!). Kwangoko kunokwenziwa kweewotshi zale mihla, khange kubekhona ukutyeba okunje ekuhambeni kwexesha.
Izigidi zabantu kule mihla zifumana ikhomishini “ngeyure”. Eyona iqhuba ngokwasekhaya ingqikelelo yokuba ixesha yimali. “ukuba ndiyasebenza 8 iiyure $10 ngokuhamba neyure, ndifumana iirandi ezingamashumi asibhozo!” kwaye uqaphele ukuba uluvo lwexesha lusebenza njani kulwimi lwethu ngeendlela ezininzi. Ukuba umntu ubeka ngaphezulu kwe 40 iiyure ukugcina iveki, Oko kukuthathela ingqalelo “ngaphaya kwexesha eliqhelekileyo”. Le yokugqibela “chwetheza” yexesha, “ixesha elongezelelweyo,” ihlala ibubutyebi obungaphezulu kwe “ixesha eliqhelekileyo”. Ngenxa yokuba umlinganiswa ufumana intlawulo engcono ngokusebenza iiyure ezingaphezulu.
Ngenxa yenyani yexesha yimali, ishishini lokurhweba “Ukulawula ixesha elinamandla” livelile njengeshishini ngokwalo. Unokuthenga iincwadi ngendlela yokusebenzisa ixesha lakho ngobulumko. Thatha iisemina kulawulo lwexesha, kwaye uhlalutye “amaqhinga” ukwenza ukusetyenziswa okunamandla ngakumbi kokucotha. Sonke sinomdla wokusebenzisa ixesha lethu ngcono ngenxa yokuba oku kuhlala kusivumela ukuba senze imali eyongezelelweyo.
Ngomdla, Enye yeendlela zokwenza imali eyongezelelweyo kukubaleka ekusebenzeni komvuzo ngokusekwe ngokungqongqo ngexesha. Abanye abantu abahlawulwa ngeyure, nangona kunjalo njengenye indlela yr, ngomvuzo wonyaka. Imisebenzi ehlawulelwayo ekukhetheni ihlawulwa ngcono kunaleyo yeyokusebenza ngemivuzo ngeyure. Ingxaki kumvuzo weyure kukuba zininzi kakhulu iiyure ngaphakathi kosuku. Ke nokuba ufuna ukusebenza kangakanani, ixesha liyanyanzeleka.